Two Words of Advice We Rarely Hear

Go and make yourself useful.

My mother used to say this all the time when I was a child. She would whip it out whenever she suspected my sister or I were not making use of our time or up to no good.

She was especially fond of using it in the summer. Whenever we dared to complain that there was nothing to do on a hot afternoon, we knew what she would say. And she meant it. Making ourselves useful meant weeding the garden, sweeping the gravel, cleaning the garage, picking rocks out of the drain, washing the car or doing something, anything that would shake us out of self-absorption.

Being useful isn’t just about being busy. It’s also about adding value. Tobias Van Schneider recently wrote an awesome article on this very topic:

Being useful is so simple. It not only helps other people but also yourself. Being useful makes me happy, because whatever it might be, there is never a single minute wasted being useful.

Being useful is an excellent reminder that no matter how bad your day is, you have value to add.

As much as I didn’t enjoy weeding the garden, it was gratifying. It was tedious but also purposeful. Those weeds would grow back but making a tiny difference in that moment felt good.

That’s the awesome thing about being useful—when you contribute to something beyond yourself, no matter how insignificant it may seem, you forget yourself and all the little things that are bugging you.

Add value to your life by adding value to others.

I wish you all the best,

Dr. Samantha Boardman

Defang Your Dread of Mondays

Pretty much everyone hates Mondays but there is an excellent reason to feel a little less hostile towards the first day of the week. According to research from the University of Pennsylvania, Mondays are the perfect day to tackle a new goal because you are more naturally motivated at the beginning of a new week to make a positive change.

People are more likely to visit the gym, to think about their health, to commit to pursue a new goal like quitting smoking and to Google the word “diet” on Mondays. Of course there are dozens of new beginnings throughout the year – New Year’s, birthdays, the first day of the month, and a new semester when aspirational behavior peaks—but Mondays are weekly opportunities to start anew and harness the motivation that accompanies a new beginning. Even if you cannot sustain the “new you” this week, opportunities to try again abound.

Psychologists call this “the fresh start effect.” Every Monday is an opportunity to leave the past behind and to start over. It’s the psychological equivalent of pressing the refresh button. Researchers believe these “turn the page” days have a positive effect because they provide perspective and take us off autopilot. As the researchers explain, Mondays are:

…temporal landmarks [that] interrupt attention to day-to-day minutiae, causing people to take a big-picture view of their lives and thus focus more on achieving their goals.

Psychologically, Mondays are a blank slate, a brand new start. When you reframe Monday as an opportunity to adopt a new habit and initiate a positive change rather than repetition of the same old stuff, you no longer need to dread them quite as much.

 

I wish you all the best,

Dr. Samantha Boardman

“Sorry Syndrome”: Do You Apologize for the Rain?

When someone steps on my foot, I am the first to say, “I’m sorry.” I apologize for the weather, for terrible traffic, the long line at CVS and dozen of other undesirable situations that I am not responsible for.

I am not the only one who is inflicted with “Sorry Syndrome.” Many of my patients, especially women, tell me they insert “Sorry” into any sentence that contains a request.

“Sorry, may I have a glass of water?”

“Sorry, can I ask a question?”

“Sorry, where is the bathroom?”

Knowing how to apologize for something you regret is one thing. Apologizing for basically existing is another. As columnist Jessica Bennett writes:

Sorry is a crutch — a tyrannical lady-crutch. It’s a space filler, a hedge, a way to politely ask for something without offending, to appear “soft” while making a demand.

So why do we insist on making on apologizing for no reason? A Harvard Business School study provides a possible explanation. According to the research, superfluous apologies build trust. In the study, an actor approached strangers in a train station on a rainy day and requested to borrow their phone. Half of the time, the actor prefaced his request with “I’m sorry about the rain!” The other half of the time, the actor went straight to the point and asked, “Can I borrow your cell phone?” Apologizing for the rain made a big difference: forty-seven percent of strangers offered their phone if the actor apologized for the rain. Only nine percent did without the apology. As the authors conclude:

Superfluous apologies represent a powerful and easy-to-use tool for social influence. Even in the absence of culpability, individuals can increase trust and liking by saying ‘I’m sorry’ – even if they are merely ‘sorry’ about the rain.

Building trust is important but does not justify apologizing for every little thing. If you want to reduce the number of superfluous apologies that roll off your tongue, consider replacing “sorry” with “thank you.”

For example, instead of saying, “Sorry for rambling” you can say, “Thank you for listening.” Instead of saying “Sorry” when you move past someone on a train, you can say “Thank you for making room.”

A recent article in The Atlantic highlights the benefits of replacing an apology with gratitude:

Sorry you had to do that” is not only a rejection of their nice gesture, a lot of times, it makes it weird. “Thank you for doing that” is recognizing and accepting their kindness.

On that note, thank you for reading this article.

I wish you all the best,

Dr. Samantha Boardman

The Real Housewives Made Me Do It: How TV Influences Behavior

Television has a terrible reputation. I vividly remember my mother telling me my eyes would become square if I watched too much of it. To my knowledge, no studies link watching television with the development of square eyes yet. However, research does show that too much time in front of the television takes a toll on our health.

study by the American Heart Association shows that adults who watch TV for three hours or more a day may double their risk of premature death.

Another study shows how television programs can have a negative influence. Shows like The Real Housewives that depict aggressive behavior like bullying and manipulation can impact real life behavior. In a study entitled Just “Harmless Entertainment”?  Effects of Surveillance Reality TV on Physical Aggression, participants were separated into three groups. One group watched Real Housewives or Jersey Shore, the second group watched an uplifting show like Little People, Big World, and the third group watched a crime drama like CSI.  After watching the shows, those who had sat through Real Housewives or Jersey Shore exhibited more aggression. As the researcher states:

This research clearly shows that these programs are not simply harmless entertainment—exposure to this verbal and relational aggression increases physical aggression.

That said, television can be a positive influence too. In India, the introduction of cable TV had social benefits.  Within months of its arrival, surveys indicate it had a major effect on attitudes about gender:

Introduction of cable television is associated with significant decreases in the reported acceptability of domestic violence towards women…as well as increases in women’s autonomy and decreases in fertility. We also find suggestive evidence that exposure to cable increases school enrollment for younger children, perhaps through increased participation of women in household decision-making.

The Indian women who watched television were also less likely to report a preference for having a son than a daughter.  Bollywood-style soap operas are thought to have been especially influential by depicting urban women working outside the home and making decisions about their lives. The theory is that by observing these sophisticated women, social norms and attitudes changed.

In America, studies have shown  how television programs can decrease prejudice.  The best example,  Will and Grace, has been credited with helping viewers get to know gay people. As the lead researcher writes:

With the emergence of the extraordinary Will and Grace show, more and more Americans, sort of from the safety of their armchair, could learn a bit about gay people who they might not otherwise have learned from in real life.

Television isn’t just entertainment, it changes attitudes too, but choose what you watch carefully.

As my favorite character, the Dowager Countess, says on Downton Abbey:

Vulgarity is no substitute for wit.

I wish you all the best,

Dr. Samantha Boardman

Too Cute to Resist: How Design Influences Behavior

Do cute products sell better? To explore this question, researchers measured the effect of cute, playful and whimsical products on consumption and indulgence.

Test participants ate more ice cream when they served themselves ice cream with a whimsical ice cream scoop then a plain one, an alligator shaped stapler inspired more creativity than a normal one, a playfully colored gift certificate encouraged more frivolous purchases than an unadorned one, and test participants ate more cutely decorated cookies than plain ones. The results are clear: consumers love cute stuff.

Companies are acutely aware of the power of “cute”. Indeed, we are surrounded by cute products: Marc Jacobs’ kitten shoes; iPhone covers designed to look like turtles; kitchen utensils like zebra dish scrubbers and Betty Boop rubber gloves; pens, pencils and paperclips in quirky shapes and colors; Gummi Bears; the MINI Cooper; and the mother of all cuteness, Hello Kitty.

Design influences human behavior on many levels. The researchers hope their work has application beyond peddling a product:

Even though we examined the effects of playful products on indulgence in the domains of eating, shopping, and product usage, we expect that exposure to whimsical products could have similar effects on helping people focus on having fun and rewarding themselves in other important life domains like savings, debt repayment, or time management.

Fun design has been shown to influence behavior in positive ways. In fact, Volkswagen sponsored a ‘Fun Theory’ campaign in which:

…an open invitation was extended to submit ideas that made seemingly baleful social challenges — environmental protection, speed-limit adherence, boosting public transportation ridership — enjoyable.

Examples included: The Piano Stairs next to an escalator that enticed more people to climb stairs to the tune of their steps than take the escalator; The Bottle Bank Arcade which made recycling fun; and The Playbelt which prohibited drivers from accessing in-car entertainment systems until every passenger was safely buckled in.

Bottom line: be aware of the way that products and design influence behavior. Make choices that bring out the best in you.

I wish you all the best,

Dr. Samantha Boardman

Does Size Matter?

Forget apple pie. Ice cream is America’s national dessert. Thanks to Ronald Reagan, July is National Ice Cream Month and although ice cream has competition from frozen yogurt these days, it retains its crown as the most in-demand summer treat.

In a given week, 40 percent of Americans will eat ice cream. That’s a lot. To put it in perspective, that’s nearly as large a share as will drink coffee.

If you plan on indulging this summer, please keep the following in mind: the size of the bowl you serve it in (hopefully you are not spooning it directly from the container) and the size of the scoop you use influence how much you eat. Why? Because most people eat what is in front of them. This is especially true when it comes to ice cream. Whatever the portion size—big or small—you are going to polish it off.

Consider the following: a person with tremendous self-discipline decides to eat half of a bowl of ice cream. The size of that bowl matters a great deal. Half of a large bowl versus half of a small bowl is very different indeed. Along similar lines, a small scoop of ice cream in a small bowl looks just right, but the same amount in a massive bowl appears meager. So what do you do to make it look like the “right” amount? You add an extra scoop.

Researchers call this the “size-contrast bias”. We unconsciously eat more than what we plan or want to because of it. Even experts are vulnerable. In a study, nutritionists were unaware of having served themselves 53 percent more ice cream when they were given large bowls and large scoops.

The difference is cultural as well. Portions in France and Italy are smaller than those in the United States. For example, an ice cream in Paris consists of one or two golf-ball sized scoops. In New York City, a single scoop is the size of a grapefruit.

Perhaps the most effective way to tackle super-sized servings is to change one’s environment. No, this does not mean you have to move to France. As referenced in Portion Size Me: Downsizing Our Consumption Norms:

Is education the answer? The answer is not in telling clients to remind themselves not to overeat from large packages, large servings, and large dinnerware. The answer is for them to eliminate large packages, large servings, and large dinnerware from their lives. It is much easier for a person to change his or her environment than to change his or her thinking. We first need to change our personal environment. Only then do we change our minds.

My advice: Use giant bowls and spoons to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption and serve dessert in small bowls with tiny scoops.

I wish you all the best,

Dr. Samantha Boardman